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VYXEOS® LIPOSOMAL IN AML-MRC AND t-AML PATIENTS:
RESULTS FROM EVERYDAY PRACTICE IN FOUR EUROPEAN COHORTS WERE SIMILAR TO THOSE IN STUDY 3011–5
The English experience
172 patients with a median age of 62.8 (SD=10.1) were diagnosed with AML-MRC, t-AML, or de novo AML and treated with Vyxeos Liposomal. Median follow-up was 11.2 months.1
England RWE - Patient Baseline Characteristics (N=172)1
n | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cohort Size | N | 172 | 100.00% |
Age at diagnosis (index date) (Years) | Mean (SD) | 62.78 (10.10) | |
Median (Q1-Q3) | 66.00 (58.00-70.00) | ||
Percentile 5th-95th | 44.00-73.00 | ||
Age categories at diagnosis (index date), binary (Years) | <60 | 49 | 28.49% |
≥60 | 123 | 71.51% | |
Gender | Female | 59 | 34.30% |
Male | 113 | 65.70% | |
Ethnicity | White | 150 | 87.21% |
Mixed | 0 | 0.00% | |
Asian | 9 | 5.23% | |
Black | * | * | |
Other | * | * | |
Missing/Unknown | 0 | 0.00% | |
Diagnosis type | t-AML | 37 | 21.51% |
AML-MRC | 57 | 33.14% | |
Non-specific de novo AML | 78 | 45.35% | |
ECOG at SACT initiation | 0 | 65 | 37.79% |
1 | 52 | 30.23% | |
2 | 10 | 5.81% | |
3 | 2 | 1.16% | |
4 | 0 | 0.00% | |
Missing/Unknown | 43 | 25.00% | |
Azacitidine treatment for prior malignancy (prior to index date) | Present | 6 | 3.49% |
Absent | 166 | 96.51% | |
HSCT status after SACT initiation (All patients) | Present | 43 | 25.00% |
Absent | 129 | 75.00% | |
HSCT status after SACT initiation (patients with ≥3 months HES follow-up time post SACT initiation) | Present | 43 | 44.33% |
Absent | 54 | 55.67% | |
Available follow-up time from diagnosis (days) | Mean (SD) | 338.70 (217.91) | |
Median (Q1-Q3) | 342.00 (111.00-514.00) | ||
Percentile 5th-95th | 28.00 - 667.45 |
Adapted from Legg et al. 2021
* <6 patients (suppressed to protect patient confidentiality)
Vyxeos Liposomal efficacy in the English cohort:
In all patients1
- 2-year OS was 39%
(95% CI 0.30, 0.50; n at risk: 6*) - Patients were censored at the time of HSCT or on the last day of disease assessment or haematology assessment
Stratified by patient age: <60 and ≥601
- 2-year OS was 56% in patients <60 years
(95% CI 0.43, 0.74; n at risk: 0) - 2-year OS was 34% in patients ≥60 years
(95% CI 0.24, 0.46; n at risk: 6*) - Patients were censored at the time of HSCT or on the last day of disease assessment or haematology assessment
Landmarked from the HSCT date1
- 1-year OS was 74%
(95% CI 0.62, 0.89; n at risk: 24) - 25% (43/172) of patients underwent HSCT1
- Patients were censored at the time of HSCT or on the last day of disease assessment or haematology assessment
The French experience
103 patients with a median age of 67 (20–83) from 12 centres were diagnosed with AML-MRC or t-AML and treated with Vyxeos Liposomal. Median follow-up was 8.6 months.2
France RWE - Patient Baseline Characteristics (N=103)2
n (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Age, years | ||
Median (range) | 67 (20-83) | |
18-60 | 21 (20) | |
>60 | 82 (80) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 54 (52) | |
Female | 49 (48) | |
AML subtype | ||
AML-MRC | 74 (72) | |
MDS-AML | 35 (47) | |
CMML-AML | 9 (12) | |
t-AML | 27 (26) | |
Other* | 2 (2) | |
WBCs, median (range), x109/L | 3 (0–156) | |
Hyperleukocytosis | 9 (9) | |
Cytopenia | 97 (94) | |
1 | 25 (24) | |
2 | 41 (40) | |
3 | 31 (30) | |
Karyotype | ||
Complex | 35 (34) | |
Monosomal | 28 (27) | |
Prior HMA | 18 (18) | |
2017 ELN genetic risk stratification (n=102) | ||
Favourable | 2 (2) | |
Intermediate | 38 (37) | |
Adverse | 62 (61) | |
Lindsley's classifier (n=80) | ||
de novo/pan-AML | 21 (26) | |
Secondary-type mutations AML | 37 (46) | |
TP53-mutated AML | 22 (28) |
Adapted from Chiche et al. 2021
Values present n (%) of patients unless otherwise indicated
* Two patients were treated after myeloproliferative neoplasm AML (one with prior essential thrombocythemia and one with myelofibrosis secondary to essential thrombocythemia)
Vyxeos Liposomal efficacy in the French cohort:
Induction results2
59% ORR(61/103)
MRD negativity2
of patients were MRD negative (16/28)
- MRD <10-3 was evaluable in 28 of the 61 patients who achieved CR/CRi
16 months mOS2
- 35% (36/103) of patients had an ASCT2
- The majority of patients who were eligible and received Vyxeos Liposomal did not proceed to ASCT2
Vyxeos Liposomal overcame the poor response rate associated with the ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations2
The Italian experience
71 patients with a median age of 66 (52-79) from 31 centres were diagnosed with s-AML and treated with Vyxeos Liposomal. Median follow-up was 11 months.3
Italy RWE - Patient Baseline Characteristics (N=71)3
n (%) | |
---|---|
Age, years | |
<70 | 51 (71.8) |
>70 | 20 (28.2) |
Sex | |
Male | 39 (54.9) |
Female | 32 (45.1) |
WBC | |
<30 × 109/L | 60 (84.5) |
>30 × 109/L | 11 (15.5) |
Marrow blasts | |
<30% | 22 (31.0) |
>30% | 49 (69.0) |
Previous HMA | |
No | 54 (76.1) |
Yes | 17 (23.9) |
NPM1 (evaluated in 68/71, 96%) | |
Wild type | 63 (92.7) |
Mutated | 5 (7.3) |
FLT3-ITD (evaluated in 69/71, 97%) | |
Negative | 64 (92.8) |
Positive | 5 (7.2) |
TP53 (evaluated in 37/71, 52%) | |
Wild type | 24 (64.9) |
Mutated | 13 (35.1) |
Karyotype | |
Favourable | 3 (4.7) |
Intermediate | 36 (50.2) |
Poor | 32 (45.1) |
Vyxeos Liposomal indication | |
s-AML | 36 (50.2) |
t-AML | 22 (31.0) |
MDS-related changes | 13 (18.8) |
ELN 2017 | |
Low/intermediate | 8 (11.3) |
Intermediate | 24 (33.8) |
High | 39 (54.9) |
Adapted from Guolo et al. 2020
Vyxeos Liposomal efficacy in the Italian cohort:
Induction results3
73% ORR(52/71)
MRD negativity3
of analysed patients achieved MRD negativity
- Depth of response was evaluated after the first induction†
- MRD was evaluated through flow cytometry in 40 patients and WT1-MRD analysis in 38 patients
69% OS at 12 months3
- 71% OS for non-HSCT patients at 12 months3
- 100% OS for HSCT patients at 12 months3
- 40% (20/50) of the patients who achieved CR received an HSCT3
The presence of TP53 mutation in the context of a complex karyotype did not impact the survival rate3
The German experience
188 patients with a median age of 65 (range 26–80) across 25 centres were diagnosed with AML-MRC or t-AML and treated with Vyxeos Liposomal. Median follow-up was 9.3 months.4
Germany RWE - Patient Baseline Characteristics (N=188)4
Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age, years (median,range) | 65 (26-80) | |
Gender | ||
Female | 70 | 37 |
Male | 118 | 63 |
Karnofsky (n=165) | ||
≥80 | 135 | 82 |
<80 | 30 | 18 |
HCT-CI (n=155) | ||
Low | 29 | 18 |
Intermediate | 55 | 35 |
High | 74 | 47 |
AML subtype (n=186) | ||
AML-MRC | 131 | 70 |
t-AML | 53 | 29 |
Other* | 2 | 1 |
2017 ELN genetic risk (n=179) | ||
Favourable | 12 | 7 |
Intermediate | 59 | 33 |
Adverse | 108 | 60 |
Karyotype (n=179) | ||
Normal | 63 | 35 |
Abnormal | 116 | 65 |
Complex | 44 | 25 |
Non-complex | 72 | 40 |
Molecular genetics | ||
NPM1/n.d. | 18/11 | 10/6 |
FLT3-ITD/n.d. | 13/13 | 7/7 |
ASXL1/n.d. | 31/24 | 16/13 |
TP53/n.d. | 14/26 | 7/14 |
RUNX1/n.d. | 24/20 | 13/11 |
BM blast count at diagnosis (median, range) | 38 (7-99) | |
PB blast count at diagnosis (median, range) | 10 (0-92) | |
WBC at diagnosis, ×103/μl (median, range) | 3.8 (0.6/330) | |
Pretreatment with HMA | 19 | 10 |
Adapted from Rautenberg et al. 2021
* Secondary AML evolving from systemic mastocytosis (n=1) and blastic plasmacytoid dendric cell neoplasm with antecedent history of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Vyxeos Liposomal efficacy in the German cohort:
Induction results4
67% ORRpost induction(120/179)
MRD negativity4
of patients achieved MRD negativity <10-3 (23/36) via flow cytometry analysis
- MRD status was available for 36 of the 85 patients (42%) who achieved CR/CRi
21 months mOS4
- 62% (116/188) patients underwent HSCT4
- An estimated 73% of all HSCT patients reached 2-year survival4
- 82 patients went on to receive allo-HSCT without further therapy4
- 34 patients underwent bridging therapy consisting of Vyxeos Liposomal and/or cytarabine consolidation, HMA or salvage therapy before receiving allo-HSCT4
54% (14/26) of patients with TP53mut achieved CR/CRi with Vyxeos Liposomal4,7
and the European RWE studies
Vyxeos Liposomal Efficacy at a Glance
Study 3015,6 | England1 (N=172) | France2 (N=103) | Italy3 (N=71) | Germany4 (N=188) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vyxeos Liposomal (N=153) | DA 3+7 (N=156) | |||||
Median OS, months | 9.6 | 6.0 | 16.6 | 16.1 | NR (68.6% at 12 months) | 21 |
(p=0.009) | ||||||
Median OS post-HSCT, months | NR | 10.25 | NR (74% at 12 months) | NR | NR (100% at 12 months) | NR (73% at 12 months) |
(p=0.009) | ||||||
CR, n/N (%) | 37% | 26% | NA | 57/103 (55) | 38/71 (54) | NA |
(p=0.04) | ||||||
CR+CRi, n/N (%)* | 48% | 33% | NA | 61/103 (59) | 46/71 (65) | 85/179 (47) |
(p=0.016) | ||||||
CR+CRi+PR, n/N (%)* | NA | NA | NA | 52/71 (73) | NA | |
MRD negativity, n/N (%)* | NA | NA | 16/28 (57) | ~50%† | 23/36 (64) |
* Following induction
† Flow cytometry-based MRD assessment data were available from 17/31 centres (54.8%) for 40/71 patients (56.3%) and the MRD negativity rate was 37.5% (15/40 patients). WT1-based MRD was available for 15/31 (48.4%) centres for 38/71 patients (53.5%) and the MRD negativity rate was 53.8% (21/38 patients)
- Median time to neutrophil recovery after the first induction was 29 days
- Median time to platelet recovery after the first induction was 28 days
France RWE – AEs Occurring During Vyxeos Liposomal Therapy Regardless of Causality Tolerability profile2
All grades | Grade ≥3 | |
---|---|---|
Sepsis* | - | 101 (98) |
Febrile neutropenia | 94 (91) | 94 (91) |
Pneumonia | 37 (36) | 30 (30) |
Bacteraemia | - | 25 (24) |
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis | - | 10 (10) |
Bleeding | 12 (12) | 6 (6) |
Epistaxis | 4 (4) | 0 |
Oral haemorrhage | 2 (2) | 1 (1) |
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
Intra-alveolar haemorrhage | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
Intracranial haemorrhage | 2 (2) | 0 |
Haematuria | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
Ocular haemorrhage | 1 (1) | 0 |
Hypertensive crisis | 10 (10) | 2 (2) |
Heart failure | 9 (9) | 7 (7) |
Gastrointestinal toxicity | 52 (50) | 4 (4) |
Nausea | 37 (36) | 0 |
Vomiting | 13 (13) | 1 (1) |
Diarrhoea | 7 (7) | 0 |
Mucositis | 23 (22) | 3 (3) |
Rash | 26 (25) | 2 (2) |
Alopecia | 11 (11) | 0 |
* Sepsis was defined by either the CTCAE criteria (Grade >3 sepsis is a positive blood culture with signs and symptoms indicating treatment initiation) or the SIRS criteria (>2 of the following - temperature <36°C or >38°C; heart rate >90 beats/minute; respiratory rate >20 breaths/minute or ppCO2 <32 mmHg; WBC >12,000/mm3 or the presence of >10% immature neutrophils).
Values represent n (%) of patients.
Adapted from Chiche et al. 2021
- Median time to neutrophil recovery after the first induction was 38 days
- Median time to platelet recovery after the first induction was 28 days
Italy RWE – Grade ≥1 AEs Occurring During Therapy3
Induction, n/71 (%) | Second cycle, n/39 (%) | |
---|---|---|
All grade AEs | 57 (80.3) | 25 (64.1) |
Fever of unknown origin | 20 (28) | 9 (23.7) |
Sepsis | 20 (28) | 3 (7.7) |
Pneumonia | 8 (11.3) | 3 (7.7) |
Pneumocystis jirovecii-related pneumonia | 2 (2.8) | 1 (2.6) |
Invasive fungal infections | 3 (4.2) | - |
Mucositis | 5 (7) | 2 (5.2) |
Skin- rash (self-resolving) | 18 (25.4) | 8 (20.5) |
Alopecia | 4 (5.6) | - |
Adapted from Guolo et al. 2020
- Median time to neutrophil recovery after the first induction was 33 days
- Median time to platelet recovery after the first induction was 30 days
Germany RWE – Grade ≥3 treatment toxicities4
Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Grade III/IV non-hemarologic tocicities (n = 188) | ||
Infection | 41 | 22 |
GI (mucositis, nausea, vomiting) | 7 | 4 |
Bleeding | 7 | 4 |
Renal failure | 5 | 3 |
Febrile neutropenia | 28 | 15 |
Pneumonia | 42 | 22 |
Mortality on Day 30 after Vyxeos Liposomal unduction (n = 176)* | ||
Alive | 162 | 92 |
Dead | 14 | 8 |
Adapted from Rautenberg et al. 2021
* Patients proceeding to allo-HSCT before Day 30 following induction with Vyxeos Liposomal have been excluded
and the European RWE studies
Vyxeos Liposomal Safety at a Glance
Study 3015 | England1 (N=172) | France2 (N=103) | Italy3 (N=71) | Germany4 (N=188) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vyxeos Liposomal (N=153) | DA 3+7 (N=156) | |||||
Neutrophil recovery, days | 35 | 29 | NA | 29 | 38 | 33 |
Platelet recovery, days | 37 | 29 | NA | 28 | 28 | 30 |
Vyxeos Liposomal Study 301 results are now complemented by four European RWE studies in over 500 patients1–4,6,7
Peer-reviewed evidence has so far demonstrated that:1-7
- Vyxeos Liposomal can deliver efficacy, even in those with poor prognostic factors (eg, a complex karyotype)
- Vyxeos Liposomal can lay the foundation towards long-term survival for patients that receive transplant
Of note, the authors of the German study concluded:


In AML-MRC and t-AML, consider Vyxeos Liposomal first.
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